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Carrickshock incident
The Carrickshock incident, Carrickshock massacre, or battle of Carrickshock was a confrontation between the Irish Constabulary and local Catholic peasantry near Carrickshock in County Kilkenny on 14 December 1831, during the Tithe War in Ireland. Seventeen were killed: 14 of a party attempting to collect tithes and three of the crowd of locals who confronted them. The incident was unusual among massacres in the Tithe War in that the majority of casualties were supporters rather than opponents of tithes.〔Owens 2004, p.38〕〔
==Background==
In Ireland from 1830, beginning in Kilkenny, Roman Catholic tenant farmers or peasants began withholding the tithes they were obliged to pay to the vicar of the local Church of Ireland parish.〔 Dr. Hans Hamilton was rector of Knocktopher, a union of five parishes: Knocktopher, Aghaviller, Kilmagany, Dunnamaggin, and Derrynahinch.〔Lahert 1994, p.46〕〔First Rep. of Sel. Cttee on Tithes 1832, (q.653 )〕 and in January 1831 he refused the request of a delegation of tenants to reduce their tithe rate.〔 In March Hamilton began legal proceedings to enforce collection, and in November the Dublin Castle administration issued tithe processes relating to the defaulters. Hamilton's land agent, James Bunbury, employed Edmund Butler, a local butcher, to serve these processes to the tenants.〔 The local resident magistrate, Joseph Green, authorised a Constabulary escort.
On 12 December Butler set out, protected by 38 constables under the command of a sub-inspector, Captain James Gibbons, a veteran of the Napoleonic Wars.〔 Although the notices were delivered peacefully for two days, a group of locals gathered on the evening of 13 December.〔 Lahert states the locals had been exasperated by insulting behaviour from Butler.〔 A man wearing a sash warned the collectors that trouble would ensue if they returned the following day.〔 This man was later reputed to be William Keane, a hedge schoolmaster and veteran of the 1798 Wexford Rebellion who had arrived in nearby Ballyhale in 1830.〔Lahert 1994, pp.45,47〕
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